淫羊藿及其拆分组配伍麻黄对急性肾小球肾炎水肿模型大鼠影响

目的通过研究淫羊藿及其拆分组配伍麻黄对冰水浴联合注射牛血清白蛋白所致急性肾小球肾炎水肿模型大鼠的影响,探究淫羊藿配伍麻黄的利水作用及淫羊藿发挥利水作用的物质基础。方法先将SD雄性大鼠置于代谢笼内适应性喂养3 d。随机取10只大鼠作为空白对照组,其余大鼠于实验第1~3天冰水浴至大鼠四肢僵硬先造成大鼠风寒感冒模型;再于实验第4天和第11天早上9∶00按150 mg·kg^-1给大鼠腹腔注射牛血清白蛋白(BSA),空白对照组则注射等量的生理盐水。取造模成功大鼠60只,随机分成6组,每组10只,分别为:模型组,麻黄+生淫羊藿组,麻黄+多糖组,麻黄+非黄酮组,麻黄+大极性黄酮组,麻黄+小极性黄酮组。各组大鼠从实验第15天开始按照10 mL·kg^-1灌胃给予相应试剂,空白组给予等体积蒸馏水,连续灌胃20 d。收集实验大鼠第34天24 h尿液,大鼠处死后,测定尿蛋白、血清肌酐、血清尿素氮、白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比、血小板指标含量。取肾脏组织用于做病理切片并于HE染色。结果麻黄+生淫羊藿组尿蛋白含量由显著性下降(P<0.05),血清肌酐、血清尿素氮、中性粒细胞百分比有极显著性下降(P<0.01);部分肾小球周围有少量的炎性细胞,炎性细胞浸润有所减轻。麻黄+非黄酮组血清肌酐、白细胞数量、中性粒细胞百分比有显著性下降(P<0.05),尿蛋白、血清尿素氮水平有极显著性下降(P<0.01);肾小球肿胀有所减轻,有囊腔变小。麻黄+大极性黄酮组中性粒细胞百分比有极显著性下降(P<0.01);肾小球依旧有肿胀,炎性细胞浸润减少。麻黄+小极性黄酮组血清尿素氮、中性粒细胞百分比有及显著性下降(P<0.01);肾小球肿胀有减轻,肾小球附近的炎性细胞浸润有减少。麻黄+多糖组肾小球依旧充血肿胀,依旧有炎性细胞浸润,有肾小管扩张。结论淫羊藿及其拆分组配伍麻黄对急性肾小球肾炎水肿模型大鼠有较好的治疗作用,且疗效为:麻黄+非黄酮组>麻黄+生淫羊藿组>麻黄+小极性黄酮组>麻黄+非极性黄酮组>麻黄+多糖组,淫羊藿主要利水作用物质基础为非黄酮成分。     

新生儿胃穿孔的临床特点及影响预后的因素

目的探讨新生儿胃穿孔的临床特点及影响预后的相关因素。方法本研究为回顾性研究。研究对象为山西省儿童医院新生儿外科2008年1月至2017年12月手术治疗的49例新生儿胃穿孔病例。分析这些患儿的临床表现、辅助检查、手术情况及预后等临床资料。根据预后将患儿分为存活组和死亡组,探讨影响患儿预后的相关因素。采用独立样本t检验或连续性校正χ^2检验(或Fisher精确概率法)分析数据。结果(1)49例患儿中,男29例(59.2%),女20例(40.8%);早产儿30例(61.2%),足月儿19例(38.8%);体重(2450±700)g,范围为1010~5000 g。29例(59.2%)为低出生体重儿。11例(22.4%)有围产期不良事件;17例(34.7%)术前合并感染性休克;6例(12.2%)合并其他消化道畸形。2例(4.1%)有生后窒息复苏史,2例(4.1%)合并呼吸窘迫综合征行机械通气,12例(24.5%)有留置胃管或洗胃史。(2)49例患儿的发病时间为(3.8±2.0)d,47例(95.9%)于生后1周内发病,其中36例于生后≤4 d发病;25例(51.0%)发病到手术时间≤12 h。(3)首发症状以单纯腹胀最常见[69.4%(34/49)],12例(24.5%)腹胀伴呕吐,39例(79.6%)患儿术前腹部立位X射线片可见膈下大量游离气体,肝脏受压下移,胃泡影减小或消失。(4)所有患儿入院后均急诊行开腹探查、胃壁一期修补术。术中见27例(55.1%)穿孔位于胃大弯,5例(10.2%)位于胃小弯,14例(28.6%)位于胃前壁,3例(6.1%)位于胃后壁。33例(67.3%)穿孔长径≥3 cm。术后3例(6.1%)发生切口感染,2例(4.1%)吻合口漏;1例术后48 h发现大量气液胸,再次手术证实为食道重复并食道穿孔。(5)49例中,35例(71.4%)的病因为先天性胃壁肌层缺损,4例(8.2%)为损伤,10例(20.4%)为自发性穿孔。(6)49例中,8例(16.3%)死亡,36例(73.5%)存活,5例(10.2%)术后放弃治疗。剔除5例放弃治疗的患儿后,存活组中发病到手术时间≤12 h及穿孔长径<3 cm患儿的比例高于死亡组[61.1%(22/36)与1/8,χ^2=4.404;41.7%(15/36)与0/8];死亡组合并感染性休克的比例高于存活组[6/8与22.2%(8/36),χ^2=6.147](P值均<0.05)。结论新生儿胃穿孔病死率较高,先天性胃壁肌层缺损是新生儿胃穿孔的病理基础和主要病因,突然出现的腹胀是其主要的临床表现。尽早手术有助于提高治愈率。     

Culture-Proven Candida Albicans Endogenous Endophthalmitis in a Patient with Onychomycosis

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To report a case of Candida albicans endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent patient with onychomycosis.

Methods: Retrospective case report.

Results: A 40-year-old man with onychomycosis presented with C. albicans subretinal abscess in the left eye. Systemic and intravitreal injections did not prevent further progression of the infection. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy. One month after surgery, the intraocular inflammation gradually subsided. However, his visual acuity stayed at counting fingers as a result of macular scarring.

Conclusion: The aim of this case presentation is to emphasize that endogenous fungal endophthalmitis can be seen in an immunocompetent patient. The use of systemic steroids in the past was the main reason for the progression of the disease in this case. In these situations, when the clinical findings suggest a fungal etiology, it should keep in mind that endogenous candida endophthalmitis can be a result of fungal infections from distant sites such as the toenails and systemic steroids should not be started before definite diagnosis.     

利用电子顺磁波谱技术研究红参对羟自由基的清除作用

目的 探索电子顺磁波谱（electron paramagnetic resonance，EPR）技术检测红参清除自由基活性的适合产生体系，并研究红参对羟自由基（?OH）的清除作用及其物质基础。方法 采用电子顺磁共振波谱仪检测不同浓度的红参提取液对?OH的体外清除作用，并用液质联用技术（LC-MS）分析红参中的主要皂苷成分，然后研究这些人参皂苷成分对?OH的清除作用。结果 确定了羟自由基的生成体系为：Fe²⁺ 0.1 mmol?L^-1、H₂O₂ 500 mmol?L^-1、DMPO 225 mmol?L^-1；不同浓度的红参提取液对?OH具有明显的清除作用，且其清除?OH的效力与浓度成正相关；LC-MS分析显示该红参提取液中主要含有Rh1、Rf、Rb3、F1、F2、Rg3、Rg5等成分，其中人参皂苷Rg5的清除自由基活性最强。结论 本研究建立了用EPR技术研究红参清除自由基活性的适合产生体系，红参具有明显的清除?OH的能力，且人参皂苷Rg5是其清除自由基的活性成分之一，确定了红参抗自由基的主要物质基础，为红参及人参皂苷Rg5的开发、应用提供了科学依据和理论基础。     

Epigenetic priming with decitabine followed by low dose idarubicin and cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia evolving from myelodysplastic syndromes and higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a prospective multicenter single-arm trial

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) evolving from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or higher-risk MDS have limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Our previous single-center study of decitabine followed by low dose idarubicin and cytarabine (D-IA) in patients with myeloid neoplasms showed promising primary results. We therefore conducted a multicenter study of D-IA regimen in AML evolving from MDS and higher-risk MDS. Patients with AML evolving from MDS or refractory anemia with excess blasts type 2 (RAEB-2) (based on the 2008 WHO classification) were included. The D-IA regimen (decitabine, 20 mg/m² daily, days 1 to 3; idarubicin, 6 mg/m² daily, days 4 to 6; cytarabine 25 mg/m² every 12 hours, days 4 to 8; granulocyte colony stimulating factor [G-CSF], 5 μg/kg, from day 4 until neutrophil count increased to 1.0 × 10⁹/L) was administered as induction chemotherapy. Seventy-one patients were enrolled and treated, among whom 44 (62.0%) had AML evolving from MDS and 27 (38.0%) had RAEB-2. Twenty-eight (63.6%) AML patients achieved complete remission (CR) or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi): 14 (31.8%) patients had CR and 14 (31.8%) had CRi. Six (22.2%) MDS patients had CR and 15 (55.6%) had marrow complete remission. The median overall survival (OS) was 22.4 months for the entire group, with a median OS of 24.2 months for AML and 20.0 months for MDS subgroup. No early death occurred. In conclusion, the D-IA regimen was effective and well tolerated, representing an alternative option for patients with AML evolving from MDS or MDS subtype RAEB-2.     

982例儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病流行病学研究

目的:分析982例儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)临床病例,了解儿童ALL流行病学特征。方法:对本中心2008年4月至2015年5月收治的982例ALL患儿临床资料采用回顾性分析的方法,分析其性别、发病年龄、发病季节、发病相关危险因素及分子生物学特征等。结果:ALL患儿男女比例为1.5∶1,中位发病年龄5岁,发病年龄高峰为2-5岁。发病高峰季节为春季。出生和喂养史分析显示,足月产患儿占98.0%;55.9%患儿是顺产,44.1%患儿是剖腹产。母乳喂养者占79.8%,人工混合喂养儿占20.2%。中位出生体重3.5 kg,其中巨大儿占18.3%。有出生异常史者34例(3.5%),其中脐带绕颈者10例。发病近期有家庭装修史者占31.4%,中位装修环境暴露时间12个月。患儿一至三级亲属中,有血液系统疾病者44例(4.5%),有恶性肿瘤者53例(5.4%)。免疫表型分析结果显示,B-ALL占90.7%,T-ALL占9.3%。分子生物学检测中,TEL/AML1阳性者占21.0%,E2A/PBX1阳性者占5.2%,BCR-ABL阳性者占6.1%,MLL阳性者占2.5%。结论:本研究中儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病男性患儿较多,发病年龄高峰为2-5岁,发病季节高峰为春季,出生季节高峰为秋冬季,剖宫产术分娩、出生时为巨大儿及出生后非母乳喂养比例高于同期全国大部分地区婴儿的均值,有电离辐射及家居环境暴露史与亲属血液病、恶性肿瘤病史者比例较高。     

Laparoscopy-assisted resection of colorectal cancer with situs inversus totalis: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Situs inversus totalis(SIT) is a rare anomaly in which structures are located opposite to their usual positions. It is not a premalignant condition and the association with colorectal cancer(CRC) is rare. We here report a patient with SIT who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of sigmoid colon cancer, and review the pertinent literature.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old woman presented with CRC and SIT and underwent a complete examination after admission. The patient then underwent laparoscopic radical resection of sigmoid colon cancer and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The operation duration was 120 min, and no intraoperative complications occurred. The final pathological report showed stage T4aN0M0. Postoperative chemotherapy was administered and no evidence of recurrence was observed during 18 mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION Surgery in a patient with CRC and SIT can be safely performed on the basis of routine preoperative clinical examination.     

浙江省2007－2017年罕见病住院病例特征分析

目的 分析2007-2017年浙江省24 388例罕见病住院病例特征，为制定罕见病防控策略提供依据。方法 收集2007-2017年浙江省10家三级甲等（三甲）医院罕见病住院病例资料和各年度住院数，进行描述性统计分析。结果 罕见病病例共24 388例，占住院总例数的2.69‰（24 388/9 054 201），病例数居前3位的疾病类型依次为"血液和造血器官疾病以及某些涉及免疫机能的异常"（占32.81%，8 001/24 388）、"先天性畸形、变形和染色体异常"（占24.87%，6 065/24 388）和"神经系统疾病"（占19.01%，4 635/24 388）；2007-2017年罕见病病例数呈逐年增长趋势，年均增幅19.69%，而罕见病例数占同期住院总例数比例仅在2016-2017年明显上升，各类型罕见病时间分布呈不同特征；罕见病的病例数男女性别比为1.35：1（13 990/10 398），男女性别比最高的3类疾病依次为"消化系统疾病"（4.45：1，1 180/265）、"损伤、中毒和外因的某些其他后果"（3.51：1，281/80）和"神经系统疾病"（2.26：1，3 213/1 422）；各年龄段罕见病类型、各类型罕见病年龄分布均呈不同特征；病例数居前10位的疾病占全部罕见病例数的53.55%（13 060/24 388），其中前3位疾病分别为成人粒细胞缺乏症（14.41%，3 515/24 388）、皮质基底核退化症（7.60%，1 854/24 388）和亨诺克-舍恩莱因紫癜（6.01%，1 466/24 388）。结论 本研究分析的浙江省2007-2017年24 388例罕见病住院病例的特征资料，是推动我国罕见病的研究、监测或登记数据库构建、制定防控策略的参考依据。     

Theoretical potential for endometrial cancer prevention through primary risk factor modification: Estimates from the EPIC cohort

Endometrial cancer (EC) incidence rates vary ~10-fold worldwide, in part due to variation in EC risk factor profiles. Using an EC risk model previously developed in the European EPIC cohort, we evaluated the prevention potential of modified EC risk factor patterns and whether differences in EC incidence between a European population and low-risk countries can be explained by differences in these patterns. Predicted EC incidence rates were estimated over 10 years of follow-up for the cohort before and after modifying risk factor profiles. Risk factors considered were: body mass index (BMI, kg/m²), use of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and oral contraceptives (OC) (potentially modifiable); and, parity, ages at first birth, menarche and menopause (environmentally conditioned, but not readily modifiable). Modeled alterations in BMI (to all ≤23 kg/m²) and HT use (to all non-HT users) profiles resulted in a 30% reduction in predicted EC incidence rates; individually, longer duration of OC use (to all ≥10 years) resulted in a 42.5% reduction. Modeled changes in not readily modifiable exposures (i.e., those not contributing to prevention potential) resulted in ≤24.6% reduction in predicted EC incidence. Women in the lowest decile of a risk score based on the evaluated exposures had risk similar to a low risk countries; however, this was driven by relatively long use of OCs (median = 23 years). Our findings support avoidance of overweight BMI and of HT use as prevention strategies for EC in a European population; OC use must be considered in the context of benefits and risks.